booker t :: essays research papers

Booker T. Washington The reason for composing on Booker T. Washington is to concentrate on his instructive commitments, and the various discourses he gave during and after the nineteenth century for African American and for the organization. Booker was naturally introduced to subjection on a little tobacco manor on April 5 1856. While in grade school he didn't have a last name. At the point when he understood that the entirety of different kids at the school had a subsequent name, and the instructor asked him his, he concocted the name Washington. For the initial nine years of his life until 1865 when the end of the Civil War liberated the kid Booker and the rest of his race, he like numerous different Americans of brown complexion had been viewed as a bit of property on a Southern estate. Any training unessential to their upheld work had been prohibited to most Negroes in the South. By 1895 nonetheless, in his memorable Atlanta Exposition Address, Washington was to state: Beginning thirty years prior with possession to a great extent in a couple of blankets and pumpkins and chickens (assembled from different sources), recall the way that has driven from these to the innovations and creation of horticultural actualizes, carts, steam motors, papers, books, sculpture, cutting, artistic creations, the administration of medication stores and banks, has not been trodden without contact with thistles and thistles.1 This renowned discourse put Washington in the national spotlight as the pioneer of his race. How could he ascend to the top? What were the strategies he used to raise his kin, and how could he find those ways? In 1881 residents in Tuskegee, Alabama, requested that Hampton's leader prescribe a white man to head their new dark school; he recommended Washington. The school had a yearly administrative apportionment of $2,000 for compensations, however no grounds, structures, understudies, or staff.

Firewall Security Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Firewall Security Measures - Essay Example A bundle channel is the most basic kind of firewall that works at the system layer of OSI model. Bundle sifting takes a shot at a lot of rules put away as rule base, which figures out which parcel are permitted inside the meeting, similarly which address are took into consideration the correspondence procedure. On the off chance that as a matter of course, a standard base doesn't allow any meeting, all bundles are a drop from the correspondence. Data remembered for parcel separating are as per the following: The source address of the bundle (or the Layer 3 location) and the goal address of the parcel (additionally Layer 3 location). Sort of traffic or the particular system convention (for example Ethernet) Also, conceivably some data about the Layer 4 correspondence meetings (which is the reason parcel separating are once in a while considered to work at layer 3 and 4 of OSI model). Stateful examination, then again, is the only superset of the bundle channel. It likewise utilizes the technique by which parcel sifting works and an extra of putting away the condition of the meeting. For instance, a meeting somewhere in the range of 192.168.1.100:1023 and 210.9.88.29:80 was put away as â€Å"established† as its state, at that point whenever this meeting happens, it will consequently be permitted. This gives a quicker component to channel approaching and active meeting among server and host framework. Stateful investigation firewall likewise works at layer 3 and 4, or more layer 7 of the OSI model, which is obvious on how stateful examinations consider application inside the application layer.

MIA and MPA Concentration Choice COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MIA and MPA Concentration Choice COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the questions that has been popping up in our email in box from MIA and MPA admitted applicants has to do with the choice of concentration at SIPA.   You can think of your concentration as your major field of study.   Many applicants are worried that they must stick with the concentration selected when the admission application was filled out.   This is not the case.   As a reminder, our six concentrations are: Economic and Political Development Energy and the Environment Human Rights International Finance and Economic Policy International Security Policy Urban and Social Policy We do look for focus in an admission application and the concentration choice often will influence how a file is read.   For example, if someone selects International Finance and Economic Policy on the admission application we do look for evidence of some pretty serious quantitative study and/or work experience due to the fact that this concentration is quantitatively heavy. However, we also realize that when admitted applicants enroll and speak with faculty, take some classes, interact with second year students, and attend events, one’s career or academic focus might shift and we want to be flexible and allow students to choose the pathway that is best for their professional goals.   Often this insight only comes after actually enrolling and spending time at SIPA. Thus it is perfectly acceptable to change your concentration when you register for classes in the fall.   There is no formal process, you simply must choose a concentration when you register.   There is also no firm time line to finalize your choice, however the longer you wait, the more precarious completing the requirements becomes. The counseling students receive will thus encourage you to be firm with your concentration choice sometime during your first year, and the sooner the better so that you may shape your class schedule and internships.   All of our program requirements must be completed in four semesters and deciding early will help alleviate pressure over time by narrowing your class choices. So there is no need to worry about sticking to the concentration selected on the admission application.   During Orienation in August new students will have the opportunity to hear faculty speak about the different options and the concentration choice will be made when you register.   If you need to change again when you register for the second semester you may, but again the more focused and certain you are, the more you will be able to gain from the program.

Robert Frosts Use of Nature in Poetry Essay - 2053 Words

Robert Frosts Use of Nature in Poetry Robert Frost, an American poet of the late 19th century, used nature in many of his writings. Frost was very observant of nature, he often used it to represent the emotion of his characters in his poetry. I will use West-Running Brook and Once by the Pacific to demonstrate Frosts use of nature in his writings. Robert Frost was born March 26, 1874 in San Francisco (American Writers 150). In 1885, the dying request of his father took Frost back to Massachusetts for the burial. Since Frost couldnt afford to travel back to California, Frost remained there and began his writing. Frost led a simple life. He taught, was a New England farmer, worked in a mill, was a reporter, and†¦show more content†¦The easiness of his writings though criticized by critics, appeal to the common man (US Literature 509). Once in a interview Frost was asked about his thought process during writing. He said: I sometimes speak from the last thing that happen to me. I was asked today if I think up my poems. I pick up a lot of things I thought of to make a poem, that is a lot of scattered thoughts through the days that are handy for the poem. Thats where the thinking comes in. He just thought up poems in his head and wrote them down, not even a rough draft (Lathem 41). I will discuss two other writers. Their comparison with Frost will help display what opinion Frost is writing from in his poems. Robert Frosts favorite poet was Mathew Arnold, but Frost disagreed with his belief in nature. Arnold expressed his opinion in In Harmony with Nature (Brooks 1). Arnolds arrogance of man over nature was stated in the last two lines of his poem. The last lines basically insulted anyone who would attempt to have a friendship with nature. According to Arnold, if man cant surpass nature, then man is nothing but a slave to nature. Frost knew very well the relationship between human nature and nature, and disagreed with Arnold. Frost thought Arnolds opinion was too harsh and Frosts ideas on nature were slightly more compassionate. Frost believed that nature and man are totallyShow MoreRelatedRobert Frost Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost Robert Frost is one of the few twentieth century poets to receive critical acclaim and popular acceptance (Magill 728). His simplistic style appeals to the novice and expert poetry reader alike. Robert Frosts understated emotional appeal attracts readers of all literary levels. Frost develops subtly stated emotions and a clever use of imagery in his poetry. Influences on his poetry include his family, work, and other life experiences (Oxford 267). Frost also works to developRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helpedRead MoreEssay about Nature in Robert Frosts Poems1649 Words   |  7 PagesUnder the stars of the sky, fifteen-year old Robert Frost explored the heavens through a telescope. He was seeking affirmation of the proverbial question that has plagued mankind for centuries—the proof and existence of God. While surveying the cosmos, Frost‘s interest was stirred, so he visited a library and obtained books that had illustrated star charts. Within these pages, his knowledge of the stars was edified and a poet was born. Frost‘s first poems were ―astronomicalâ€â€" and invokedRead MoreEssay about Robert Lee Frost1452 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Lee Frost The mark of a great poet is his ability to engage the reader so that they analyse their own lives. Robert Lee Frost (1874 – 1963) – an influential American poet often associated with rural New England – is brilliant at this and uses poetry as a platform for the expression of his own general ideology. Frost’s belief that human society was often chaotic and stressful and that the meaning of life is elusive, has been promoted in his poetry. Frost looked to nature, whose undyingRead MoreRobert Frost Conversational Style1720 Words   |  7 PagesDamoui Daniel Yu Writing 30 10 June 2012 Robert Frost’s Conversational Style and Mock-Heroic Tone My portfolio consists of a collection of both heroic and tragic poems that incorporate the blank verse form. These poems imitate Robert Frost’s mock-heroic dialogue and conversational style. Three of these poems in particular, â€Å"The Boxer†, â€Å"The Boy In My Dreams,† and â€Å"The Interview† draw from Frederick Turner’s â€Å"The Neural Lyre† and Maurice Charney’s â€Å"Robert Frost’s Conversational Style,† in attemptingRead MoreFrosts simple style is deceptive Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Frost’s simple style is deceptive and a thoughtful reader will see layers of meaning in his poetry.’’ Robert Frost (1874-1963) was a pastoral Rural American poet who portrays a benevolent side to New England in the US. Robert Frost was not fond of the fashion of the time. Instead, he adopted the persona of the New England farmer inspired by natural events. This deceptive but realistic poet had quite an individualistic style in comparison to any other poet, his poetry is written in the everydayRead More Robert Frost Essay873 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Good fences makes good neighbors,† is a small portion from the Mending Wall written by one of modern times most proficient writers, Robert Frost. Two of the critical articles I examined were quite helpful in gaining a better understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall† and also of Robert Frost’s poetry. The Gale Research shows the best and most effective understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall,† mainly because it deals specifically with that poem. It basically states that the poem is built around two attitudesRe ad MoreEssay on The Intricate Meanings of Robert Frost s Poetry784 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost is considered by many to be one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s work has been regarded by many as unique. Frost’s poems mainly take place in nature, and it is through nature that he uses sense appealing-vocabulary to immerse the reader into the poem. In the poem, â€Å"Hardwood Groves†, Frost uses a Hardwood Tree that is losing its leaves as a symbol of life’s vicissitudes. â€Å"Frost recognizes that before things in life are raised up, they must fall down† (BloomRead MoreEssay on Symbols and Symbolism in the Poems of Robert Frost1463 Words   |  6 PagesPoems of Robert Frost    Nature has inspired countless poets from primitive times to the present. They have used it as a metaphor for virtually all human emotions-his stormy brow, her sky blue eyes, as wild as a summer storm. Very few, however, have so masterfully crafted their verse to fully express the range of nature’s power and influence, or suited the tone of a poem to encompass both human nature and ‘true’ nature. This is true in the poetic works of Robert Frost. The aspects of nature thatRead MoreRobert Frost: A Poet To Remember Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost was one of Americas leading 20th-century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He has been an inspiration to many young writers and aspiring poets. Although he lived through a troubled and tragic life, Frost was able to express his unique view of nature and the world around him in the delicate art of poetry. His direct and easy-to-read poems made him one of the most recognized poets in the country. Robert Frost had the ability to make his poems accessible to anyone reading

A Interview On My Father s My Dad, The Owner And Founder...

I would like to preface this report by mentioning that this interview went nothing like I expected. At 7:00pm on Tuesday, March 21st I walked into the office of Brad Hults, the owner and founder of Jefferson Midstate Auto Auction (JMAA). Every Tuesday used car dealers from all over the Midwest come to JMAA looking to buy and sell used cars. My dad, an auto dealer himself, currently works there on sale days (Tuesdays) and it just so happens that my father has connections with Brad. I am lucky enough to have an inside scoop on the business- I actually worked there on sale days last summer. This gives me an understanding of the culture and what JMAA really values as a company. Unfortunately, up until this interview, I had never actually had a†¦show more content†¦Because he (supposedly) has said energy, anyone who walks into his office, works for him, enters his car auction, or just interacts with his business in any way also gains part of that energy, and thus the universe sta rts to give them what they want as well. He was convinced that â€Å"[my] life has significantly improved since [I] started working here a year and a half ago. [I’ve] become more self-aware and those coincidences seem to happen more often. That is the universe bringing things to [me].† While the concept was nice, I am not sure if the world actually works that way. After the interview, I had more questions than answers, and I had not even gotten the chance to ask him about his actual business. I also really was not sure if he was a pure genius or if I needed to check him into a mental hospital. Probably both. After some analysis, I realized his opportunity identification process focused less on if it was feasible, but more on if he desired to do it. If he desired to something, the universe would bring everything he needed to him. Basically, the universe would take care of the feasibility part. I partly agree with Brad and definitely think that following your desires is a worthy goal. Just like the author of Monk and the Riddle said, the deferred life plan permits people to forget their passions and never actually achieve them. A passionate person is less discouraged by the difficulties of entrepreneurial process because they can see the end

Duckweed Free Essays

Feed Industry Overview: Duckweed feed has been found to be a very nutritious feed source for many types of livestock. The fact that duckweed can be fed to animals in its wet form or dried for a more concentrated food source make an efficient, cost effective, harvester a possible attractive product for this market. Traditional Harvesters are economically unfeasible and manual harvesting is very labor intensive for medium to large scale operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Duckweed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Feed prices can vary drastically due to crop yields, gas prices, and product demand. After the initial investment of the Proskimmer the costs for producing this feed additive would be minimal. There is opportunity for duckweed to be used more as a feed source in coming years to alleviate increasing demand on corn and soy yields. Analysis According to North Carolina Reasearchers: â€Å"Duckweed holds great promise as an alternative feed supplement. One of the smallest plants known to man could help us produce cleaner water while at the same time providing a high quality feed for domestic stock animals (poultry, swine, and cattle). The nutrient uptake ability possessed by duckweed along with its fast reproductive rate and environmental requirements make it easy to manage. The problem with duckweed is in the harvesting of the small plants and removing the excess water. Assuming that can be done efficiently, we will be well on our way to making new strides in the supplemental feeding of duckweed. † These statements are made by some of the leading duckweed researchers in the feed/fuel/watstewater. A duckweed harvester is a natural fit to solve the harvesting needs of the market. Recent studies have confirmed duckweed’s potential as a valuable high-protein, vitamin-rich feed supplement. A two acre pond surface with duckweed yields as much as 30 tons of dry matter or approximately 12 tons of protein per year. This protein is of very high quality for feeding to animals (or human beings). Experiments show that the quality of this protein for ducks and hens is similar to that in soybean meal. As protein is currently priced at approx $500 per ton as a stock-feed ingredient, the protein yield of a hectare of duckweed is worth in the order of $6,000 per year. Although inexpensive to produce, duckweed contains a range of vitamins, pigments and minerals. These include those normally added to dietary formulations for livestock such as poultry and pigs in the form of commercial mineral-vitamin premixes. Duckweed has particular value as a poultry feed. It typically contains high concentrations of calcium (which is required in the diet of laying hens) equal to 10-25 g/kg dry matter. Duckweed contains relatively large amounts of xanthophylls and carotene, which result in a rich yellow/orange color to the egg yolks. In comparison, the synthetic yolk pigments usually included in mineral-vitamin premixes for layers are a costly component of commercial poultry diets. Dried excess duckweed can be pelletised and sold as animal feed. At approx $6000 dollars the Proskimmer would be economically viable in this arena. Feeding trials reported in the literature and carried out recently in Peru have demonstrated that duckweed can be substituted for soy and fish meals in prepared rations for several types of poultry: broilers, layers, and chicks. Cultured duckweed can be used as the protein component in poultry diets. Acceptable levels of duckweed meal in the diets of layers range up to 40 percent of total feed. Duckweed-fed layers produce more eggs of the same or higher quality as control birds fed the recommended formulated diets. Levels of up to 15 percent duckweed meal produce growth rates in broilers which are equal to those produced by control feeds. Diets for chicks, consisting of up to 15 percent duckweed meal, are suitable for birds under three weeks of age. Duckweed meal will almost certainly find as large a range of animal feed applications as soybean meal. Duckweed meal may also have great potential to blend with non- conventional diets based on inexpensive carbohydrate sources that can be used by poultry and hogs. Today pork production offers perhaps an unprecedented opportunity. Due to economic expansion and population growth in Asia, demand for pork is increasing like never before. In fact, experts predict that in the next 35 to 40 years, we’ll have to quadruple, or more, the approximately 875 million hogs now on Earth. That’s why new and expanded hog production facilities are being built in Australia, Canada, Mexico, South America, and, when opposition is overcome, in the U. S. And as they’re built, new jobs and economic growth are being created. A major limitation to fish farming is that meals high in protein with high biological value are expensive and often locally unavailable. Supplementary feeds can take up to 60% of fish production costs. Duckweeds have a high protein content (around 40%) of high biological value. Fresh duckweed is highly suited to intensive fish farming systems and duckweed is converted efficiently to liveweight by certain fish including carp and tilapia. Drying duckweed presents the largest current challenge to the plant being traded as a commodity. No conventional drying technology has been able to produce dried material without incurring signifigant loss. Several solar methods are showing promise however we feel they would be for large scale operations and not relevant to our market. The leading researchers in North Carolina have paired with a company called Aeroglide who makes industrial drying technologies for the feed industry. We feel Proskim should focus on the wet applications for land livestock and fish farming opporunities. http://www. lib. ncsu. edu/theses/available/etd-05242004-103543/unrestricted/etd. df Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany 24 February 2010; http://www. aeroglide. com/aquafeed-dryers-coolers. php SWOT Analysis Feed: Strengths: Low cost in relation to other mechanical harvesters/low labor intensity when compared to manual techniques. Currently manufactured product with little to no customization for many harvesting needs. Duckweed has be en proven to be a breakthrough feed alternative to corn and soy based feeds. Weaknesses: Little to no current marketing strategy in the Bio arena. Lack of marketing material directed to Bio arena. Less developed nations will use manual techniques. Company physical location is not in areas which promote rapid duckweed growth. Opportunities: Feed supplement for fish, swine, poultry needing effective harvesting techniques. Market directly to these farmers. Academic researchers using grants to study duckweed in the Bio arena. Government grants and foundations in the Bio arena. Threats: Other harvester inventions and trial inventions to harvest duckweed. Less demand for corn ethanol due to regulations or opportunity costs could lower prices and in turn corn feed prices. How to cite Duckweed, Papers

Marijuana A Gift From Mother Earth Essay Example For Students

Marijuana A Gift From Mother Earth Essay When and where will the senseless persecutions of America’s Marijuana users end? These Marijuana smokers are typically middle class males, between the ages of 17 and 39, and one in three have no prior felony charges on their records. (HRW World Report) However, each year, hundreds of thousands of them are arrested and thrown into jail, alongside murderers, rapists, and child molesters. The â€Å"Marihuana Tax Act† was passed in August 1937, and took effect on October 1, an incident which would forever change the country. The main reason behind the ban placed upon Marijuana was the same as most other drug prohibitions – the oppression of minorities. Case in point, the first anti-drug law on record in the United States was passed in San Francisco in 1875. Opium was outlawed at that time due to concerns that Chinese immigrants who used the drug were â€Å"ruining† white women by associating with them in Opium dens. (Schaffer sec. 1) Cocaine was outlawed soon after when concerns were raised of what even newspapers of the time deemed â€Å"Negro Cocaine Fiends† or â€Å"Cocainized Niggers.† These allegations came about when African-Americans used the drug and allegedly raped and murdered white women. (Schaffer sec. 1) As a matter of fact there were no officially recorded incidents such as those that were suggested. Marijuana was outlawed to target Mexican immigrants who used the drug recreationally. According to Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner Harry J. Anslinger, Marijuana had a â€Å"violent effect on the degenerate races.† As you can see, the main reason most drugs are outlawed is not for health concerns or actual crimes related to the drug, but instead because egotistical white males got the idea that they could hurt minorities with their laws. Today, the racism continues, with drug laws that target minorities – specifically young African-American males. Although white drug users outnumber blacks by 5 to 1, and blacks only make up 13 percent of the U.S. population, over 62 percent of prisoners incarcerated for drug related charges are black. (ABC) This alarming statistic shows the blatant racism of the â€Å"War on Drugs†, which is more a war on blacks than drugs. Between the years of 1970 and 1998, over 11.5 million people were incarcerated for acts ranging from simple possession of Marijuana, to sale and manufacture of Marijuana – a category that encompasses all charges related to growing, distribution, and cultivation. 87 percent of all arrests were for possession, while 13 percent of arrests were for sale/manufacture. (NORML)Our prisons are so overcrowded that approximately 24 states are under Federal orders to set some prisoners free. There are over 1.5 million people in Federal, State, and local correctional facilities at the time of this paper’s writing. Yet, the War on Drugs continues, and if its â€Å"ultimate goal† is reached – the incarceration of every drug user, dealer, and grower, there will be approximately 30 million more people in our prisons. This is more people than the combined populations of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. To incarcerate every drug user in the country, we would have to spen d over 15 trillion dollars, a figure that would not only bankrupt the country and destroy the working force, but would also leave no money to run the prisons that we worked so hard to fill. (Schaffer sec.7)So why, you may ask, is this country seemingly obsessed with clearing the streets of our â€Å"violent†, â€Å"degenerate† Marijuana users? The answer is simple. If you tell a horse over and over that it is a donkey, eventually the horse will believe it. The amount of propaganda that has been flooding the country for all these years, misinformation from top government officials, and blatant lies from our country’s health â€Å"experts† has instigated a furious â€Å"war† that has divided the country in half. This war has no winners – the country is not even coming close to ridding the country of the â€Å"problem†, and the drug users are growing in numbers as more and more people see the beauty of the drug as a social tool, a medica l marvel, and a bridge that crosses racial and social boundaries. .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .postImageUrl , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:visited , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:active { border:0!important; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:active , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dead Sea Scrolls (1545 words) EssayAnother question raised is whether or not Marijuana is harmful. That is easy to answer – yes and no. Yes, it has some detrimental effects on the brain, as any chemical would. However, compared to other drugs and substances, both legal and illegal, the harmful effects seem miniscule. For instance, out of all the drugs available to us today, tobacco remains the number one killer, as it has been for years. Over 390,000 people die each year from this potent, deadly, and very legal drug. Nicotine is also one of the most addictive drugs known to man, easily surpassing Marijuana and alcohol, and just edging out heroin – yes, heroin.Alcohol is a distant second, killing 80,000 people annually, and is one of the most popular drugs among young males. Its withdrawal symptoms are severe, and once hooked, some people are never sober again. Sidestream cigarette smokes kills another 50,000 people, bringing the grand total for tobacco-related deaths to 440,000 people. Cocaine claims 2,200 lives a year, followed closely by two drugs that are completely unrelated, but kill the same number of people – heroin and aspirin. Marijuana, on the other hand, kills a staggering number of people each and every year. Zero. There has never been a death officially tied to Marijuan a. Altogether, illegal drugs kill 4,500 people – 8.3 percent of those claimed by tobacco and alcohol. Having been a Marijuana smoker for five years now, I do not consider myself a junkie, a drug addict, or a detriment to society. I smoke to meet people, and my closest friends were met through Marijuana. The wonderful and mysterious plant we call Cannabis should be embraced, not shunned, as it is today. Bibliography:Works CitedABC News. â€Å"War on Drugs, by Race?† Associated Press. 8 Jun 2000Basic Facts about the War on Drugs. Schaffer, Clifford A. 8 Sept. 2000HRW World Report. â€Å"Drugs and Human Rights.† 10 Sept. 2000NORML. â€Å"Portland NORML News† 24 Nov. 1998

James Baldwins Going To Meet The Man Essays - Going To Meet The Man

James Baldwin's Going To Meet The Man One Never forgets What They are Taught James Baldwin, an African American author born in Harlem, was raised by his violent step-father, David. His father was a lay preacher who hated whites and felt that all whites would be judged as they deserve by a vengeful God (Klinkowitz and Pritchard, p.1999). Usually, the father's anger was directed toward his son through violence. Baldwin's history, in part, aids him in his insight of racism within the family. He understands that racists are not born, but rather racists' attitudes and behaviors are learned in the early stages of childhood. Baldwin's Going to Meet the Man is a perfect example of his capability to analyze the growth of a innocent child to a racist. Every child is born with innocence. During the flashback to Jesse's childhood, where he witnesses the mutilation and torture of a blackman, Jesse's innocence is apparent. Jesse has a black friend named Otis who he hasn't seen for a few days. When he asks his father where Otis is, the father replies, I reckon Otis's folks was afrad to let him show himself this morning(Baldwin, p. 2006). Jesse naturally responds, But Otis ain't do nothing. His father explains, We just wanna make sure Otis don't do nothing, and you tell him what your Daddy said(Baldwin, p. 2006). This statement implies that because Otis is black, he is eventually going to do something wrong. The father has subconsciously put negative thoughts inside of Jesse's head. Baldwin's own father also acted in this way when he stereotyped all whites as being bad and claimed they would be punished by a vengeful God. In the midst of all the commotion, Jesse is unable to sleep the night before the lynching. Within another flashback to that night, Jesse feels a strong need to have his mother close to him but he knew his father would not like this(Baldwin, p. 2006). He wanted to call his mother and becomes very frustrated and angry with his father because the father is the reason that he could not got to his mother. He knows that they are going to have intercourse and this bothers him. He heard his mother's moan, his father's sigh; he gritted his teeth(Baldwin, p. 2006). Sigmund Freud's Edipus Complex explains Jesse's reaction. The Edipus Complex is a son's sexual longing for his mother. Jesse becomes jealous and his father's breathing seemed to fill the world(Baldwin, p. 2006). As result of the longing for the mother, a resentment toward the father arises because the father has the mother all to himself. Jesse, in this situation, would like to replace the father so that he may experience the mother in a sexual manner. Jesse does not shake this feeling until he replaces the longing of his mother with a clossnes to the father, a common effect of the Edipus complex. Jesse's innocence disappears completely during the flashback of the day of the lynching. The father is getting Jesse excited about the violence to come as he assures him, We're going on a picnic. You won't ever forget this picnic(Baldwin, p. 2007), Jesse replies, Are we going to see the bad nigger?(Baldwin, p. 2007). He uses the adjective bad, revealing the influence of the father 's previous comments about the black man. They arrive at the lynching and Jesse's father shows concern toward how Jesse is feeling, you all right?(Baldwin, p. 2009). Then, the father reached down suddenly and sat Jesse on his shoulders, making Jesse feel like he was bonding with his father. He felt secure. They watched the relentless burning of the negro together and Jesse last thought of innocence arouse, What did the man do?(Baldwin, p. 2010). After asking himself he looked to his mother and felt, she was more beautiful than he had ever seen her before and he began to feel a joy he had never felt before(B aldwin, p. 2010). After the Negro genitals were mutilated he was left to slowly die, the father looked to Jesse with peaceful eyes and said, Well, I told you, you wasn't ever going to forget this picnic(Baldwin, p.2010). It is as this moment that Freud's Edipus complex is once again displayed.

About the U.S. Department of Labor

About the U.S. Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the U.S. Senate. The Department of Labor is responsible for workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment insurance benefits, re-employment services, and maintenance of key labor-related economic statistics. As a regulatory department, the Department of Labor has the power to create federal regulations deemed necessary to implement and enforce labor-related laws and policies enacted by Congress. Department of Labor Fast Facts The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level, regulatory department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Department of Labor is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate.The Department of Labor is primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment benefits, and re-employment services. The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment. In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of federal labor laws guaranteeing workers rights to safe and healthful working conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, freedom from employment discrimination, unemployment insurance, and workers compensation. The Department also protects workers pension rights; provides for job training programs; helps workers find jobs; works to strengthen free collective bargaining; and keeps track of changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements. As the Department seeks to assist all Americans who need and want to work, special efforts are made to meet the unique job market problems of older workers, youths, minority group members, women, the handicapped, and other groups. In July 2013, then Secretary of Labor Tom Perez summarized the purpose of the Department of Labor in stating, â€Å"Boiled down to its essence, the Department of Labor is the department of opportunity.† Brief History of the Department of Labor First established by Congress as the Bureau of Labor under the Department of the Interior in 1884, the Department of Labor became an independent agency in 1888. In 1903, it was reassigned as a bureau of the newly-created cabinet-level Department of Commerce and Labor. Finally, in 1913, President William Howard Taft signed a law establishing the Department of Labor and the Department of Commerce as separate cabinet-level agencies as they remain today. On March 5, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson appointed William B. Wilson as the first Secretary of Labor. In October 1919, the International Labour Organization chose Secretary Wilson to chair its first meeting, even though the United States had not yet become a member nation. On March 4, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed Frances Perkins to be Secretary of Labor. As the first female cabinet member, Perkins served for 12 years, becoming the longest-serving Secretary of Labor. Following the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the Department of Labor made the government’s first concerted effort to promote racial diversity in the hiring practices of labor unions. In 1969, Secretary of Labor George P. Shultz imposed the Philadelphia Plan requiring Pennsylvania construction unions, which had previously refused to accept black members, to admit a certain number of blacks by an enforced deadline. The move marked the first imposition of racial quotas by the U.S. federal government.

Investigating the molecular basis of oligomerisation specificity using Essay

Investigating the molecular basis of oligomerisation specificity using coiled coil peptides - Essay Example The studies have identified that there is unexpected and general correlation between trigger sequences (Indispensable elements for coiled coil formation) and coiled coil oligomerization state specificity .Through the use yeast archytype coiled-coil domain transcriptional factor activator GCN4 as a model system, it was found that oligomerization state determinants that are trimer specific and well established ,switched the topology of the peptide to a trimer from a dimer, only after being inserted into the trigger sequence. The results were confirmed with 2 other coiled coil dimmers that is not related (cortexillin-1 and ATF1).It is further indicated that multiple topology determinants have the capacity of co-existing in the same trigger sequence, and this reveals a delicate balance of the resultant oligomerization state through forces that are position dependent (Steinmetz et al., 2007). Due to the simplicity of this leucine zipper, the alpha helical coiled coil has been traditionall y used in a broad number of studies that have targeted the key principles of protein stability, oligomerization and folding (Steinmetz et al., 2007).In this case, the coiled coils currently are exploited as multipurpose tool in various applications seen to be increasing steadily as well as ranging from basic research to medicine. It is well known that what is referred to as trigger sequence plays a critical role in controlling coiled –coil formation. The distinct feature of several trigger sequences is that they have a capacity of folding into several reasonable stable monomeric helices before the formation of the coiled coil structure (Kammerer et al.1998) Recently, the NMR structures of peptide spanning the GCN4 trigger sequence was solved and indicated that the structure is stabilized by electrostatic interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds (Steinmetz et al., 2007) The trigger

Analysis argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis argument - Essay Example These are just two examples; there are countless similar occasions in the article where statements have been made without evidence. Anderson’s article is more of an essay than an argument since throughout the article, he has just expressed personal opinions without providing evidence for them to enhance the credibility of his argument. Anderson has basically used the article as a means to express his personal opinions. Basically the article is a reflection on the author’s personal experiences that have led him to developing certain views that he has shared in an organized way. This makes the article informative rather than argumentative. Although the article’s credibility is little because of lack of references, yet the views Anderson has shared are sensible and seem to be coming from a learned and experienced author. I particularly agree to the fact that playing video games may be one of the risk factors that play a role in making the youth criminals, yet it is too subtle and ineffective a factor to have such a large negative effect on the psychology of the children as to make them killers. One factor that is particularly out of place in the article is that although Anderson has cited no study, yet he has gone to such lengths as comparing different studies and the underlying factors as sample sizes, as he says, â€Å"Why have different researchers found different results? Well, part of the problem is that many studies have used a sample size that is much too small to produce consistent results† (Anderson cited in Ramage, Bean, and Johnson 447). Greenberg has started his argument with a strong point saying that Yee had Sen. Leland Yee did not have robust grounds to impose restriction on children’s access to violent video games since it was essentially an outcome of the ban on substance abuse which in no way compares to the video games. I find Greenberg’s argument very convincing that violent books and movies do not prov ide the audiences with a room to respond whereas violent games do, but the same power of interactivity that the video games provide the audiences could be held as a strong reason why they should be banned. Although Greenberg’s example was good, but in effect, it counteracted his own argument that was in favor of expression of violence in video games, though the examples Greenberg has given regarding how video games enhance the critical analysis and decision-making skills of the audiences are entirely convincing. These examples also indicate the potential ways in which violent games serve as mediums of free expression for the players, thus providing Greenberg with a firm basis for his argument. One thing that makes Greenberg’s article superior to Anderson’s is that Greenberg has not indicated studies anywhere and accordingly he did not need to cite them, whereas Anderson’s article was mostly based on the results of past studies without mentioning any in pa rticular. Greenberg’s examples in support of his argument were such that they did not require much citation or referencing, and the examples were plentiful as well. When the examples did require referencing, they were included. For example, when Greenberg discussed the Supreme Court’s ruling that school boards are not allowed to ban books in the libraries of the schools even if they are accessible outside

Quantification of Chicken Egg White Albumin

Quantification of Chicken Egg White Albumin Standard curve Preparation for Quantification of Chicken Egg white albumin using Bradford assay Quantifying protein concentration is a very significant process for analyzing protein. It is essential in order to identify, characterize, and purify proteins, and this can also be use in medical researches by aiding in diagnosis of certain diseases. There are several of methods that can be use for protein quantification. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of which is the Bradford assay, which is commonly used because of its simplicity, wide estimated working range, and sensitivity to molecules of interest. Chicken egg white albumin was used as a protein source. Different concentrations of albumin were prepared and their respective absorbances at 595nm were obtained. This assay uses Coomassie Blue G-250 dye that forms a complex with certain amino acids. A standard curve was created from the raw data of absorbance reading. From the Pearson’s Rho correlation, it was shown that the absorbance and concentration has a strong positive relationship. The chemical react ions involve in this assay was also analyzed and understood. INTRODUCTION Proteins are very important in an organism for growth and preservation. Before analyzing a protein, it requires to determine the quantity of proteins present. The result of this will be useful in characterization and purification of proteins, in identification and in diagnosis of diseases, since some illnesses affect the level of proteins. There are different methods in order to quantify protein concentration. It is important for an assay to be able to be applied to a wide range of concentrations. It would also be good for the assay to be sensitive enough to detect even the smallest protein content in order to have an accurate result. The assay should also be specific to the component that is to be quantified. This is to avoid contaminants to be detected, such as cell components, macromolecules like carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids. There are different methods on quantifying proteins. One of which is the Non-colorimetric procedures. This includes determination of nitrogen deriv ed from proteins, analysis of amino acids, and find out of dry matter material of protein. The one that is common in this modern time is the Colorimetric methods of quantitation. This is because of the technological advancements available like usage of spectophotometers (Ninfa et al., 2009) In biuret assay, cupric (Cu2+) ions are being reduced to cuprous (Cu1+) ions by the proteins. This cuprous ions forms a complex with the peptide bonds yielding a blue colored complex. This assay requires high concentration of proteins since it is quite insensitive (Dennison, 2003). Lowry assay starts with a protein-copper complex just like the product in the Biuret assay. In Lowry assay it is then followed by the reduction of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent under alakaline conditions. Cuprous ions are the ones involve in the process of reduction, resulting to a intense blue color. Lowry assay is more sensitive unlike the biuret assay; however, since it’s very sensitive, it can detect other components that are not of interest just like detergents (Dennison, 2003). BCA Assay is the same as the Lowry assay, but bichoninic acid (BCA) is the one being reduced by the protein instead of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. BCA assay is sensitive but not to other contaminants. It is more sensitive to carbohydrates, lipids and other substances (Dennison, 2003). Bradford assay, which is the most commonly used colorimetric method, uses Coomassie Blue G-250 dye. This dye forms a noncovalent bond with proteins primarily basic amino acids (arginine, lysine and histidine). This complex results to a blue form in color. This assay is sensitive, accurate and can be done quickly (Redmile-Gordon et al., 2012). The source of protein for this experiment is the chicken egg white albumin. Studies consisting of iron-chelation, protease inhibition, immunoregulation, etc. uses chicken egg white albumin as well. Purification of the albumin is very much needed before doing any experimental procedure with the protein (Geng et al., 2012). In fact the albumin is consisting of 385 amino acid residue (Alleoni, 2006). In determining the protein concentration, it is very important to make a standard curve in every assay perfumed. Pearson’s Rho correlation is used to verify the linear relationship between the two variables involve in this experiment, absorbance and albumin concentration (Statstutor, n.d.). This study aims to verify how the concentration of proteins can affect the absorbance of the sample. It is also to make a standard curve for Chicken egg albumin and to know the Pearson’s Rho Correlation. It is also very important to understand the processes involved with protein quantification. This experiment also makes one to be extra careful with the laboratory procedures so that accurate data can be obtained. In a higher concentration, there are more particles involved, and so when a UV light strikes, more particles will be able to absorb it and higher absorbance value will be obtained. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before anything else, the UV/VIS Spectrophotometer was turned on before starting the procedures in order for the machine to warm up and function properly this avoids interfering with the data reading. Enough amounts of Chicken egg white albumin 10mg/mL, Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) pH 7.4, and Bradford reagent were obtained in a beaker from the reagent bottle. The beaker which contained the Bradford reagent was covered with paper since the the reagent is very light sensitive and might affect the data. With the use of micropipettors, albumin, phosphate buffered solution and Bradford reagent with known concentrations were transferred to six different microfuge tubes respectively. The concentrations of the reagents were the following: Table 1: Volume of stock solutions for the preparation of different albumin concentrations Standard no. Bradford Reagent (ul) Phosphate Buffered Saline (ul) Chicken Egg White Albumin (ul) Concentration (ug/ul) Blank 500 500 0 1 500 420 80 0.8 2 500 340 160 1.6 3 500 260 240 2.4 4 500 180 320 3.2 5 500 100 400 4 The solutions were vortex one at a time for 10 seconds. It settled for 10 minutes. After that, the solutions were again vortex for 5 seconds. Then the solutions from the microfuge tubes were transferred to the cuvettes individually. The cuvette was not touched on the flat side panel. The cuvettes were gently placed in the spectreophotometer. The absorbance of each concentration was read at 595 nm. The procedures were done for two trials. The standard curve and determination of Pearson’s Rho correlation were made from the raw data of absorbance readings. RESULTS Table 2: Series of known concentrations of Albumin Standard no. Bradford Reagent (ul) Phosphate Buffered Saline (ul) Chicken Egg White Albumin (ul) Concentration (ug/ul) Blank 500 500 0 1 500 420 80 0.8 2 500 340 160 1.6 3 500 260 240 2.4 4 500 180 320 3.2 5 500 100 400 4 From the volume of the stock solutions, different concentrations of albumin were made. The albumin concentration of the standards ranges from 0.0- 4.0 ug/ul and have an increment of 0.8. Table 2: Pearson’s Rho Correlation of the Absorbance readings at 595nm and Albumin Concentrations Trial 1; (b) Trial 2; (c) Mean absorbance of the two trials A. Standard no. Concentration (ug/ul) Trial 1 (A) Blank 0.0000 0.0000 1 0.8000 0.7170 2 1.6000 0.6750 3 2.4000 0.3790 4 3.2000 0.7190 5 4.0000 0.8640 Pearsons r Correlation 0.679886127 B. Standard no. Concentration (ug/ul) Trial 2 (A) Blank 0.0000 0.0000 1 0.8000 0.0510 2 1.6000 0.5480 3 2.4000 0.7740 4 3.2000 0.7990 5 4.0000 0.4250 Pearsons r Correlation 0.710839544 C. Standard no. Concentration (ug/ul) Mean absorbance (A) Blank 0.0000 0.00 1 0.8000 0.3840 2 1.6000 0.6115 3 2.4000 0.5765 4 3.2000 0.7590 5 4.0000 0.6445 Pearsons r Correlation 0.84783844 The absorbance value of the five albumin concentrations were measured twice. With regards to the Pearson’s Rho Correlation of each, Trial 1 shows that the Albumin concentration and Absorbance at 595nm has a strong positive relationship. While trial 2 and the mean of the two trials show that the two variables exhibit a very strong positive relationship. Figure 1: Trial 1 Absorbance at 595nm vs. Concentration of Albumin (ug/ul) In trial 1, the Peason’s Rho Correlation value is 0.679886127 showing a strong positive relationship between the two variables. From the absorbance value of the standard no.1, there is a decrease in the absorbance in standard no.2 and standard. No.3. Then a sudden increase in absorbance in standard no.4 and standard no.5. And also from the line equation, the slope has a positive value giving an upward direction and a direct correlation between absorbance and concentration of the albumin. Figure 2: Trial 2 Absorbance at 595nm vs. Concentration of Albumin (ug/ul) Trial 2 shows a very strong positive correlation between the two variables since the value of the Pearson’s Rho Correlation value is 0.710839544. Standard no.1 until Standard no.4 shows that the absorbance at 595nm is increasing with the albumin concentration. But for standard no.5, the absorbance of 4.00 ug/ul Albumin went down very quickly. Based on the line equation of the best fit line of this graph, the slope has a positive value giving an upward direction and a direct correlation between absorbance and concentration of the albumin. Figure 3: Mean Absorbance of the two trials at 595nm vs. Concentration of Albumin (ug/ul) The mean values of the absorbance at 595nm for the two trials were obtained and graph. The mean absorbance and albumin concentration shows a strong positive correlation, having a Pearson’s Rho correlation of 0.84783844. The graph shows that there are two outliers, standard no. 3 and standard no.4. A direct correlation between mean absorbance and concentration of the albumin is also shown based on the slope of the line equation. DISCUSSION Bradford assay utilize Coomassie Blue G-250 dye that forms a complex with the basic amino acids and thus having a blue form in color as the outcome (Redmile-Gordon et al., 2012). The concentration of the chicken egg white albumin ranges from 0.0 ug/ul, which is the blank , up to 4.0 ug/ul. This shows an increasing concentration of the albumin, and to have an accurate data, there is 0.8 so that the gap between the concentrations is equal. With this, the absorbance at 595nm can be compared to see the relationship between the two variables. In Pearson’s Rho Correlation, the closer the value to 1 or -1, the strong is the linear correlation for the two variables (Statstutor, n.d). In trial 1, the Pearson’s Rho Correlation value is 0.679886127, and since the value ranges from +.40 to +.69, the Albumin concentration and absorbance value has a strong positive. The graph shows that the absorbance readings are not consistent. Standard no.2 and standard no.3 shows a sudden decrease. The Pearson’s Rho Correlation value for trial 2 is 0.710839544. This shows that the relationship between the two variables is a strong positive relationship. This is because for a correlation to be strongly positive, the value must be +.70 or higher. For this trial, standard no.5 is the outlier. For the mean of the two trials, it could be seen that Standard no.3 and Standard no.5 are the outliers (Fig 3), although there is a strong positive relationship between the two variables based on its Pearson’s Rho Correlation value, 0.84783844. One reason for having a result with outliers is that the solutions containing chicken egg white albumin, phosphate saline buffer and Bradford reagent were already exposed to light even before it was placed in the spectrophotometer. The particles already absorbed an amount of light that’s why the light they absorbed in the spectrophotometer became less than expected. Temperature can also affect the Bradford assay. Since the temperature of the environment of the solution may vary throughout the experiment, like the temperature of the hands holding the cuvettes, the place where the solutions were settled, inside the cabinet, it might experience a change in temperature that affected the data. Lowering the temperature can increase the absorbance and vice versa (Steinke Shepherd, 1992). The basic and aromatic amino acids are the interest of the Bradford assay (Dennison, 2003). Some other amino acids present in the protein may not be detected by the assay. Different assay for protei n quantitation have own advantages and disadvantages that why there is no a standard assay. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Bradford assay for standard curve preparation is very suitable for this experiment since its easy to perform and at the same time good data were gathered. However, it would be better if at least two different assays were performed in order to verify the standard curve for the chicken egg white albumin and to further understand how the other assay works. Ensuring the consistent temperature in the working place can improve the outliers in the absorbance reading. And lastly being extra careful on the solutions being not exposed to light and any contaminants may improve the data. To conclude, this experiment verifies the positive relationship between absorbance and correlation base on the Pearson’s r correlation, since positive value denotes positive linear correlation.The slope from the linear equation for the two trials and the mean also shows a positive one indicating a correlation between the two variables involve. LITERATURE CITED Alleoni, A. Albumen protein and functional properties of gelation and foaming. Science  Agricola[Internet]. 2006 [cited 2014 January 20];3(3). Available from  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000300013 Dennison, C. 2003. A guide to protein isolation [Internet]. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003 [cited 2014 January 20]. Available from: http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=SuXi2WtHnwQCdq=lowry+assaysource=gbs_navlinks_s. Also available in paper copy from the publisher. Doss, D., Sumrall III, W., McElreath D., Jones D. 2013. Economic and financial analysis forcriminaljustice organizations [Internet]. Florida: CRC Press; 2013 [cited 2014 January 20]. Available from: http://faculty.quinnipiac.edu/libarts/polsci/statistics.html. Also available in paper copy from the publisher. Geng, F., Huang, Q., Wu, X., Ren, G., Shan, Y., Jin, G., Ma, M. Co-purification of chicken egg white proteins using polyethylene glycol precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. Separation and Purification Technology [Internet]. 2012. [cited 2014 January 20];96:75-80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.05.021 Oyong, G. 2012. Basic and advanced techniques in cell and molecular biology. Experiment 1, Standard  curve preparation for determining protein content.URCO. Redmile-Gordon, M., Armenise, E., White, R., Hirsch, P., Goulding, K. A comparison of two  colorimetricassays, based upon Lowry and Bradfordtechniques, to estimate total protein in soil extracts. Soil Biology Biochemistry [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2014 January 20];67(100):166-173. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.017 Statstutor [Internet]. Pearson’s correlation. [cited 2014 January 20]. Available from  http://www.statstutor.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/pearsons.pdf Steinke J., Shepherd A. Effects of temperature on optical absorbance spectra of oxy-, carboxy-, and deoxyhemoglobin. Clinical Chemistry [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2014 January 20];38(7):1360-1364. Available from: http://www.clinchem.org/content/38/7/1360.long Ninfa, A., Ballou, D., Benore, M. 2009. Fundamental laboratory approaches for biochemistry and  biotechnology [Internet]. New Jersey: Wiley; 2009 [cited 2014 January 20].Available from:http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=k6_XQwAACAAJdq=fundamental+lab ratory+appoaches+for+biochemistry+and+biotechnologyhl=ensa=Xei=ajbdU uxo2tB7jTgEAved=0CC4Q6AEwAA. Also available in paper copy from the publisher.

Creating a Healthy City

Creating a Healthy City Environmental health should be a great concern for each individual person as well as our nation and the whole world. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting health and our environment. t which includes air, land and water. Environmental health extents to the chemical we use such as BPA and the effects it can and may have on our children, fuel in the economy and additional sources of fuel, building green, environmental disease and sources of energy in which all of these items can have an effect on the environment and our health.Here are other aspect of environment health that I would have never consider to be part of our concern or environment; but have just as of an impact as anything else. Bioterrorism warfare is critical because without the governments’ prevention and methods many of us could be affected by chemical warfare. This weapon can kill and destroy our very lives. Buying locally is another e xpect of environmental heath that is critical to our community is buying our food locally from farmers and growers in our area. This is a great benefit of knowing more about where your food comes from.It so much more too environmental health in which I do not have the time to discuss. One major item is creating a healthy environment in our communities and cities to help established a better life. Bottom of FormCreating a healthy city is to improved living conditions and better health services in association with various development activities by incorporate different ways to make the city healthy. By creating a healthy city would be committing to the development and maintenance of physical and social environments which support and promote better health and quality of life for residents.Building a health City would be to consider green building, recycling, educating and protecting the water, air and land in which residents maintain their living. Maintaining a healthy environment is c ritical to increasing quality life and years of healthy living. Healthy City would require and include high political commitment, collaboration, community participation, integration of activities and development of a city health profile and a local action plan. Once the plan has been established and implemented it’s important to monitor and evaluate by incorporating views from all groups within the community.These are critical steps in making the city environmental healthy. In order for Stockbridge to become a healthy city it will require some planning just to implement small changes and goals first then move to larger objectives. One area in which Stockbridge can begin is just to begin implementing a recycling plan. In large cities such as New York they have trash pickup and recycle pickup. Trash has to be divided into two categories. This is something that is a small goal for Stockbridge to introduction to the community.This is a small start but it’s a big change tha t can help to established or start the process of a healthy environment in the city. Beginning someone where is a start to healthy living. Having a health city will cost money and time. Money will needed to be generated in order for us to have the community in which we want or deserve to have. Producing a plan is one thing; but have the money to implement the plan is another which could affect the process and progress of the community.Its important for the city official to reach out the people in the community and to give them an understanding of how important is our environment to the city. The present encomic situation is what would have a great impact or obstacle in the city to obtain the funds need to make changes; but this where the community comes in and fund raisers are established to make our city environmental health. Introducing a clean environment healthy city would require information how important having a clean city is important to the community. A health city is about clean air, water, land and waste disposal for better living in the community.Understanding the air we breathe is essential that’s why green emission is established to reduce the amount of carbon that is leaked in to the air which can cause breathing issuing. Having clean water and plenty of water is a something our body cannot live without. Land is major because the quality of land effects food and the types of food in which we can choose from and eat. Land is different from place to place and each area yields certain kinds of food that is necessary for the nutrients we need. When our air, water and land is destroyed where do we go and how do we survive.Environmental Health should be a global concern because earth is our home. Some of the environmental issues of global warming–global dimming—water pollution, air pollution; land pollution and land degradation are affecting humanity throughout the entire world, these and other issues affects every species on the planet earth. Its imperative that mankind listen to the cry of the environment and begin to work together to save our planet. We can all play a part play by taking concern for endangers species, and being careful not to pollute our water and our land.Environmental Health effects and impacts our entire existence and every person should be aware of what the issues are and how they can help to change or fix them because it can and will affect our air, water and food. We do not take an interested to protect and preserve our planet we are looking at killing and destroying ourselves. References Hilgenkamp, Kathryn (2006) Environmental health ; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, chapter 8-10, pgs. 134-191 Omi, Shigir MD (2000) Regional experience in making a Healty city, retrieve June 14, 2012 http://www. who. int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisradio/en/index. html Creating a Healthy City Creating a Healthy City Environmental health should be a great concern for each individual person as well as our nation and the whole world. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting health and our environment. t which includes air, land and water. Environmental health extents to the chemical we use such as BPA and the effects it can and may have on our children, fuel in the economy and additional sources of fuel, building green, environmental disease and sources of energy in which all of these items can have an effect on the environment and our health.Here are other aspect of environment health that I would have never consider to be part of our concern or environment; but have just as of an impact as anything else. Bioterrorism warfare is critical because without the governments’ prevention and methods many of us could be affected by chemical warfare. This weapon can kill and destroy our very lives. Buying locally is another e xpect of environmental heath that is critical to our community is buying our food locally from farmers and growers in our area. This is a great benefit of knowing more about where your food comes from.It so much more too environmental health in which I do not have the time to discuss. One major item is creating a healthy environment in our communities and cities to help established a better life. Bottom of FormCreating a healthy city is to improved living conditions and better health services in association with various development activities by incorporate different ways to make the city healthy. By creating a healthy city would be committing to the development and maintenance of physical and social environments which support and promote better health and quality of life for residents.Building a health City would be to consider green building, recycling, educating and protecting the water, air and land in which residents maintain their living. Maintaining a healthy environment is c ritical to increasing quality life and years of healthy living. Healthy City would require and include high political commitment, collaboration, community participation, integration of activities and development of a city health profile and a local action plan. Once the plan has been established and implemented it’s important to monitor and evaluate by incorporating views from all groups within the community.These are critical steps in making the city environmental healthy. In order for Stockbridge to become a healthy city it will require some planning just to implement small changes and goals first then move to larger objectives. One area in which Stockbridge can begin is just to begin implementing a recycling plan. In large cities such as New York they have trash pickup and recycle pickup. Trash has to be divided into two categories. This is something that is a small goal for Stockbridge to introduction to the community.This is a small start but it’s a big change tha t can help to established or start the process of a healthy environment in the city. Beginning someone where is a start to healthy living. Having a health city will cost money and time. Money will needed to be generated in order for us to have the community in which we want or deserve to have. Producing a plan is one thing; but have the money to implement the plan is another which could affect the process and progress of the community.Its important for the city official to reach out the people in the community and to give them an understanding of how important is our environment to the city. The present encomic situation is what would have a great impact or obstacle in the city to obtain the funds need to make changes; but this where the community comes in and fund raisers are established to make our city environmental health. Introducing a clean environment healthy city would require information how important having a clean city is important to the community. A health city is about clean air, water, land and waste disposal for better living in the community.Understanding the air we breathe is essential that’s why green emission is established to reduce the amount of carbon that is leaked in to the air which can cause breathing issuing. Having clean water and plenty of water is a something our body cannot live without. Land is major because the quality of land effects food and the types of food in which we can choose from and eat. Land is different from place to place and each area yields certain kinds of food that is necessary for the nutrients we need. When our air, water and land is destroyed where do we go and how do we survive.Environmental Health should be a global concern because earth is our home. Some of the environmental issues of global warming–global dimming—water pollution, air pollution; land pollution and land degradation are affecting humanity throughout the entire world, these and other issues affects every species on the planet earth. Its imperative that mankind listen to the cry of the environment and begin to work together to save our planet. We can all play a part play by taking concern for endangers species, and being careful not to pollute our water and our land.Environmental Health effects and impacts our entire existence and every person should be aware of what the issues are and how they can help to change or fix them because it can and will affect our air, water and food. We do not take an interested to protect and preserve our planet we are looking at killing and destroying ourselves. References Hilgenkamp, Kathryn (2006) Environmental health ; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, chapter 8-10, pgs. 134-191 Omi, Shigir MD (2000) Regional experience in making a Healty city, retrieve June 14, 2012 http://www. who. int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisradio/en/index. html

Critical analysis of safeguarding children Essay

A. Critical analysis of safeguarding children including legislation, policy and professional practice (4000 word – 100%): United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child (UNCR 1989), Article 1 defines a ‘child’ as a person below the age of 18. Law is used in order to legitimise society; children are deeply and permanently affected by the laws that are made and enforced by adults. Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the children is based on â€Å"_protecting, preventing and ensure safety_† towards children, (Reference). Within society there are many professionals and agencies operated in order to protect and reinforce children’s rights. The language of safeguarding children came about with the advent of The Children Act 1989. The Children’s Act (1989) and (2004) are also legislation which states that those who work with children have priority to keep them safe. The Children’s Act 2004 focuses more on ‘integrating services around meeting the needs of children and their families’, which resulted in professionals working more closely together (DfES, 2004a). Measures which also are seen to be protecting the interests of the child, would be the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Convention on the Rights of the Child are seen to in-fact have ‘limited impact’ focusing less on the actual rights of the child and more on parental rights in respect of their children’s education (Blythe and Parkin, 1999, p. 118). Although children do not have any say in who will govern them, it is seen as essential for children to be protected within this integrated system we live in. Although professionals have the duty of the protection of children â€Å"_everyone who comes into contact with children and families has a role to play_†, any organisation or agency can work together in order to provide consistent support towards children (Web ref 1). Before moving forward with this essay it is important to establish the professional practice and case which will be used to analyse the child protection of children within the United Kingdom. The parental responsibility under the Children’s Act 1989 S3 (1) is defined as having ‘responsibilities’ rather than ‘rights’ in relation to children. However there have been many cases where the parents/career of child has been questioned. Social workers are called to look at the case, the duty of a  local authority social worker especially in the Children’s Act 1989 S17 (1) is seen to be a duty to investigate when there is cause to suspect that a child may be suffering or has been harmed. Social workers are going to be the focus in this essay in terms of professionals used to protect children and Victoria Climbià © case will also be the focus. Read Also:  Examples of Critical Analysis Essay Writing Social workers are seen as â€Å"mediators, aggressive intervener, interpreters and provider/ locator/ creator of resources in terms of the client’s needs†, in terms of roles which are played (Hollis, 1964). Most times dealing with social workers are not always at the request of the client, child protection is not the only option they also deal with â€Å"compulsory admission to mental health care and at the order of the criminal courts† (Lindsay, 2013, p. 2). Over the years, the complexity of work for practitioners advanced, which created _structural and organisational changes_ (web ref 2). After several years, the government therefore decided to use their agenda for children’s services onto the case of Victoria Climbià © (Laming, 2003). This essay will be based on the analysis of the safeguarding and protection of children and the issues which may come about doing so. Focusing on the work of Social workers in terms of child protection and how the effect ive safeguarding was lacked in the case of Victoria Climbià © (2000). The death of Victoria Climbià © came about in February 2000, aged eight years and three months; her abuse by her great aunt Marie-Therese Kouao and Kouao partner, Carl John Manning, was unknown although she had been seen by many different practitioners including health, police and social workers over the last ten months of her life. Her death sparked an influential inquiry into professional and policy failure which proved negative amongst children’s services, however promoted a change in publications and legislation within the UK as this case has created an overhaul to child protection procedures. As a result of the death of Victoria, Lord Laming highlighted in his evaluation of the professional practices surrounding Victoria’s case the importance of child services working and sharing information in order to protect children and protect them from harm. In his diagnostics of the ‘professional and systematic’ failures which contributed to Victoria’s death including many actors who failed to identify the abuse Victoria went  through. His report published in 2003, recommended 108 changes in which most of them being adapted into the Children Act 2004, as well as the creation of the 2003 green paper Every Child Matters. The professional role of social workers will be analysed critically in collaboratively working to safeguard children. Under the Children Act 1989 and Children Act 2004 practitioners have the responsibility to ‘_Safeguard and promote the welfare of children who are in need’_ as they help prevent children from being in a vulnerable state by a career who can no longer or should not be looking after them. Within the Victoria Climbià © case, social workers were described as â€Å"incompetent† (web ref 3). It was found that the main social worker of this case, Lisa Arthurworrey, was responsible for the death of Victoria, for falling to recognise the abuse. However, Arthurworrey claimed that social workers had not received the ‘_correct guidelines’_ from management until after Victoria’s death (Batty, 2004). It is seen that children tend to have better outcomes where there is evidence of careful assessment of their needs. Social workers try to work together with the services provided in order for early intervention. Assessment is seen to be the foundation of all effective intervention, as it establishes the human needs, evidence would need to be grounded. Services are needed to be provided in the situation of risk and need, accurate and realistic assessment from the relevant professional to ensure all the appropriate information of that certain case needs to be undertaken before ‘Judgements and decisions are made about action and resources’ (Adams and Dominelli et al., 2002, p. 209) The safety of a child is paramount with a social workers role, the Children’s Act 1989 centralises this. The act has focused on the importance of assessment of need/risk of the child and focusing on the arrangements of services inter-connecting for the Protection of Children. Policy and legislation has changed over the years regarding safeguarding children as it was seen that before the policies and practices were more concerned with family support welfare (Audit Commission, 1994: Department of Health, 1995). It was seen that the focus was set to be more of a ‘_change_’  of the work, for the result of child welfare approach principles being able to dominate. It was established that the significance being based on supporting children and families within the community and coercive of intervention and policing being kept to a minimum. The enactment of the 1989 Children’s Act shows tension between policy and practice over time When the Act was passed, the pressure on the child protection system had been raising, as well as the number of referrals and children being brought into care. The problems which have been faced before the act was even passed had not been resolved. Inquiries and reports contained details of how professionals surrounding the children had failed to produce a reaction from failure to communicate with one another. The act was enforced to establish the threshold criteria for child protection inquires and to ensure child as centre in terms of court proceedings. At the same time the Act, enforced guidance and important of the birth family and establishing principles for child care practices, working with family and professionals and the importance of working with family and protection of them as well as protecting children from harm (Allen, 2005; Department of Health [Doh], 1989). The safeguarding agenda continued into the 1990’s, introducing agencies and programmes such as Sure Start and the Children’s Fund. Significant legislation continued with Crime and Disorder Act 11998 and the Adoption and Children Act 2002, which policy also developed with the introduction of Framework for _the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families_ (DoH et al., 2000). This was implemented within local authorities in 2001, which establishes guidance about the conduct of assessment prompted on social workers due to the case of Victoria Climbià ©. The safeguarding agenda was later implicated by the Victoria Climbià © case which introduced _Every Child Matters (_ECM) Framework, including the establishment of Local Children’s Safeguarding (Chief Secretary to the Treasury, 2003, para 1.12; Laming 2003). The initiative was introduced as part of Laming’s actions onn the death of Victoria, which involved efforts to ensure that no child is being ignored by improved services, through  shared information within different professionals and these professionals working alongside another which also included the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) – based on renewed measures of tackling social exclusion ensuring each child’s have their voices heard. Victoria horrific death which arose due to the hands of the great aunt and partner reaffirmed the framework which aimed for every young child to have the best chance in life to achieve their full potential. While responding to the death of Victoria, the Green Paper ECM providing ‘thinking and legislative’ framework that would further broaden the scope for prevention and early intervention which was seen to be the central aim of ensuring well-being of all children. This is shown in the outcome statement of ECM (DfES, 2004). Children should achieve economic well being Be health Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Stay safe These categories are far from the narrow visions of how child protection should work from how it was the 1980’s and 1990’s, showing how advanced the agenda has advanced to ensure better services. These aims show the attempts the Government have in order to achieve a more proactive and guarding service for children and families. However even with this in place, it is seen that the agenda within the UK can be seen to be wavered in terms of the ‘local implantation failure’ within society as Victoria Climbe case demonstrates rather than actual policy. The Victoria Climbià © Inquiry report established the conflicts of agents working together as they failed to link small factors which would have led to realise she was being abused. It established that there were key opportunities which could have taken place to help intervene to help  Victoria. None of the professionals who had seen Victoria questioned why she had not been attending school or had not been registered with a GP. Victoria was seen by Dr. Schwartz who failed to spot evidence of the 8 year Old’s abuse, asserted her view that due to the due of the essential ‘interpretative nature of inter-professional communication’, Victoria was ignored. Schwartz claimed the injuries were evident as scabies infection, this opinion which previously as scabies infection, this opinion which previously contracted a locum registrar, Dr Ajayi-Obe who had the view that she had been physically abused. But the consultant claimed she did not consider it necessary to take a case history, despite her child protection concerns as she expected social services to investigate the girls circumstances (Batty, 2001). Lord Laming asserts in his evaluation of the professional; practices surrounding Victoria’s case, in order for children to be adequately safeguarded, information within agencies has to be improved. Each agency needs to prioritise passing information to another agency and the recipients should query any points of uncertainty. In the words of the two hospital consultants who had Victoria, â€Å"_I cannot query for the way other people interpreted what I said. It was not the way I would have liked it to have been interpreted_† (Dr Ruby Schwartz) â€Å"_I do not think it was until I have re-read this letter that I appreciated quite the depth of misunderstanding_† (Dr Mary Rossiter). This shows how Victoria was in the middle of miscommunication which was the downfall to her safety (Laming, 2003) While analysing about statements, it is obvious the lack of communication and misunderstanding was apparent, making it obvious to see how Laming came to this view. It is clear that action to safeguard Victoria non-existent; she was caught up in the dysfunctional ‘_gatekeeping’_ practices in Brent Social Services. Actions to safeguard Victoria were hindered due to the undetected and failing practice of the institutions in which she was involved in. Within society, children are seen as needing protecting from economic and social structures. It is seen that social meanings in society differ depending on different risks and needs, this is apparent within the ECM agenda with the policy documents. Negatively views as the child being  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcitizen-worker-of-the-future’ (Williams, 2004, p.408). It is seen that the child’s view is being ignored, from their views which were expressed in the ECM consultation process- which emphasized on extra-curricular activities and spaces for children (DfES). This is seen as common within policy-making and how children are being constructed within the society we live in. Rather than being seen as children practising to become adults, children are viewed as not be able to know ‘what is rational because they cannot yet see what rational’ (Archard, 1993, p.g6). Therefore children are always seen as being needed to be developed and protected by the capital. Some would say that within different agencies some practitioners within different agencies are not aware with the understanding of how different services defer depending on different level of need. This can be a problem as children and families could be given the wrong type of service. Guidance from ‘Early Intervention Securing Good Outcomes for Children’ (DCSF, 2010) saw early intervention as not relating ‘_exclusively to intervening younger ages’_ but tackling issues ‘as they arise, whatever the age of the child or young age’. Early intervention is used in order to safeguard children is demonstrated by ‘_research studies and cost-benefit analysis’_ (Easton and Gee, 2012) Policies within the government seem to have progressed towards early intervention. Not only due to the safety of children, but was due to economic grounds of children’s failure to secure necessary skills, qualifications and moral ideas for their future. Soon the government decided to show-case their concerns for children having future problems with employability and criminality, therefore introducing the framework for education _Birth to Three Matters_ in 2002 (DfES), to confirm that no child is exempt from developmental prescription. This is relevant to safeguarding children in the sense that with the frameworks, children who are seen to be ‘in conflict’ with the law or seen as threatening and as such forfeit their right to be ‘safe-guarded’ although those are children who may need protection the most. According to ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ (2010) a document  released by the government based on a guide for organisations and individuals who need to work together to safeguard children. In regards to thresholds and assessment the document established, the Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCB) should take part in local arrangements for taking common assessment and use the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) when appropriate. They came about to ensure practice work in place that aims to target particular groups by ‘developing/evaluating thresholds and procedures for work where children and families where a child has been identified as ‘in need’ under the Children Act 1989†². Also, that ‘local arrangements’ are taken for common assessment while using CAF and be aware when it is possible to refer a possible child in need to children’s social care services, this is enforced by the Children’s Trust board, wor king with the LSCB. The Common Assessment Framework was developed as a standard tool for all professionals working with children and families, used for assessment and referral purposes (Department for Education and Skills [DfES], 2006a, 2006b), all this in the hope of professionals working effectively through communication and shared information. As the government has come up with the aim of bringing child welfare to a common understanding within different agencies and professionals, the introduction of CAF is designed to illuminate this. CAF was designed in order to focus on the needs and strengths rather than ‘concerns’ for children within these services. Professionals have been encouraged to educate strengths, needs action and solutions for children across three domains derived from the Framework for Assessment of Children and Need and their Families (DoH, 2004): ‘_Development of unborn baby, infant or young children’, ‘Parents and carers’_ and ‘F_amily and environmental’._ As the CAF is evidence based, which can make the completed CAF very hard to understand, even for experienced child welfare professionals (White et al., 2008). As the need for Child Care services has increased, in total, between April 2011 and January 2012 Cafcass, received 10,199 new applications – 10.8% higher when compared to the same period last financial year (Rogers and Evans, 2012). This shows that the manner in which the 1989 Children’s Act is being applied effectively within the country; agencies are acting faster and  more effectively in ensuring vulnerable children are being removed from neglect and abusive households, therefore due to a more rapidly and responsive assessment and awareness, professionals of leaving a care are the cause of higher numbers of applications. Children’s Care prioritizes care for those circumstances such were the family or child are in such serious danger. According to North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board these are the key responsibilities for Children’s Care (web ref 1): Assess, plan and provide support to children in need, particularly those suffering or likely to suffer significant harm; Make enquiries under Section 47 of the Children Act 1989 wherever there is reason to suspect that a child in its area is at risk of significant harm; Provide a Key Worker for every child subject to a Child Protection Plan; Ensure that the agencies who are party to the protection plan coordinate their activities to protect the child; Convene regular reviews of the progress of any child subject to a Child Protection Plan through both Core Group and Child Protection Conference Review meetings; Instigate legal proceedings where required. In order to provide effective service, professionals must be prepared to seek an understanding from other practitioners, from other organisations in order to form phrases which have little meaning and result in the use of habitualization. (White et al., 2008) In order to assess the participation within parents and child it is important to use CAF to assess the children and to identify needs (Department for Education and Skills, 2005). Parenting is held to be important for the life  chances of all children, although in reality parenting interventions are focused upon the poorest parents (Goldson and Jamieson, 2002). Safeguarding children requires the need to ensure that the child is in best hands in terms of carers for them. Carers who are seen to be of a negative light within society, this weighs heavily on each child, as each child depends on someone to look after them as they are vulnerable. The condition of children who are incapable of acting for their best interests justifies the need of carers; policies are put into place to ensure the rights and power between parents and child. Parents in acting in behalf of their children, but it also constitute such tutelage as a duty (Archard, 1993, p. 7) Due to the Adoption and Children Act 2002, which emphasized how agencies have a duty to assess harm whenever domestic violence was present, the increase of cases referred to Children Protection Registers etc. because of domestic violence was paramount. However it is seen that although there is an increase in cases of domestic violence being assessed properly, evidence of services which protect them have not been increasing resulting in these services having to consider what can be done to improve their response with the current budgets. The importance of working with parents and child in order to achieve the best outcome is vital as it ensures effective help has been used. Working in partnership with parents is needed as working with parents is shown through the Children Act 1989. ‘supporting families, when necessary, to bring up their children and working in partnership with parents whose circumstances may be difficult is at the heart of our Children Act’ (Department of Health 1995a, p.1) Many other acts support working in partnership with parents, such as the green paper Every Child Matters as it encourages the involvement of agencies and support through early intervention not only through child protection work but others also. However, with these multi-agencies working together to helping and empowering parents, some families are seen to be reluctant to receive these services which has some negative effects on safeguarding children. It is seen that some workers draw back from negative threats of violence or intimidation and many plans that were supposed to do undergo have not and therefore left unchallenged. This is evident in the  death of Ainlee Labonte in 2002, through the negative behaviour of her parents who refused to cooperate with the agencies offered to them, workers often ‘froze’ which therefore hindered their ability to follow through with referrals, assessments or plans (Brandon et al, 2008, p.96) Referring to parents power and participation with children and professionals it is also important to establish how the Adoption and Children Act 2002 contributed to a further amendment to the Children Act 1989 in respect of fathers’ parental responsibility. This refers to all professionals working with children should know the parental responsibility; it previously contained information which hindered unmarried fathers access to their children. This act put in place has ensured that the child’s interest were key and not just the interests of the government, with social workers looking at adults in a family who had real relationships with their children. The current situation is that the following have parental responsibility The child’s mother The child’s father if they are married to mother The child’s unmarried father if registered on the child’s birth certificate Someone who adopts child Someone who becomes the child’s guardian on the mother’s death etc. Overall, it is important to establish the importance of safeguarding children with the UK. With cases such as Victoria Climbià ©, which emphasized the lack of good professional practice has led to many different changes. Although some would say these changes are not always implemented everywhere. Practitioners have a key role in ensuring the process of communication between different organisations and professions, which the acts and policies such as the Children Act 2004 and Every Child Matters, the integration of children services can be practised to ensure protection for children and  families. It is seen that in order to improve the outcome of children, services should monitored more closely to ensure the outcomes for children are ones we expect. With the services being more effective and the commitment of inter-agencies working together, the aims can all be achieved. BIBLOGRPAHY Adams, R. C., Dominelli, L. and Payne, M. 2002. _Social Work: themes, issues and critical debates_. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Allen, N. (2005) _Making Sense of the Children Act 1989_. Chichester: Wiley. Archard, D. 1993. _Children: Rights and Childhood_ London: Routledge. Pg 7 Audit Commission (1994) Watching Their Figures. London: HMSO Batty, D. 2001. _Climbià © doctor admits errors put girl at risk_. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/oct/12/5 [Accessed: 15 Jan 2014]. Batty, D. 2004. _Climbià © social worker admits mistakes_. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/sep/02/childprotection.socialcare [Accessed: 10 Jan 2014]. 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Department of Health (1989) An introduction of The Children Act 1989, London, HMSO Department of Health (1995a) Child Protection: Messages from Research, London, HMSO. Department of Health (2000) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their families, London, HMSO Easton, C. and Gee, G. (2012). Early intervention: informing local Goldson, B. and Jamieson, J. (2002) _Youth Crime, the ‘Parenting Deficit’ and State Intervention: A Contextual Critique._ Youth Justice vol 2 issue 2 pp 82-99 Hollis, F. 1964 _Casework: a psychosocial therapy_. 2nd edition. New York: Random House Laming, H. 2003. _The Victoria Climbià ©ÃŒ  Inquiry_. [London]: Stationery Office. Lindsay, T. 2013. Social work intervention. London: SAGE/Learning Matters. practice (LGA Research Report). Slough: NFER. White, S., Hall, C. and Peckover, S. (2008) ‘_the descriptive tyranny of the common assessment framework: Technologies of categorization and professional practice in child welfare’_, British Journal of Social Work. Advance access available at: DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcn05 WEB REFERNCES Web ref 1: Workingtogetheronline.co.uk. 2013. _Introduction_. [online] Available at: Web ref 2: http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/DMS/Document.ashx?czJKcaeAi5tUFL1DTL2UE4zNRBcoShgo=gyno%2FsYRZeuFOe%2Fc8Y03G13Bv1kM9hiu4Kq8CG9iPaxmLOgFg3emoQ%3D%3D&mCTIbCubSFfXsDGW9IXnlg%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&kCx1AnS9%2FpWZQ40DXFvdEw%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&uJovDxwdjMPoYv%2BAJvYtyA%3D%3D=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&FgPlIEJYlotS%2BYGoBi5olA%3D%3D=NHdURQburHA%3D&d9Qjj0ag1Pd993jsyOJqFvmyB7X0CSQK=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNR9xqBux0r1Q8Za60lavYmz=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNQ16B2MHuCpMRKZMwaG1PaO=ctNJFf55vVA%3D [Accessed: 02 Jan 2014]. Web 3: Batty, D. 2001. _Climbià © doctor admits errors put girl at risk_. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/oct/12/5 [Accessed: 15 Jan 2014]. http://www.workingtogetheronline.co.uk/chapters/intro.html [Accessed: 18 Dec 2013]. Safeguardingchildren.co.uk. 2014. _Section 2: Agency Roles and Responsibilities_. [online] Available at: http://www.safeguardingchildren.co.uk/section-2-procedures.html [Accessed: 02 Jan 2014]. Rogers, S. and Evans, L. 2012. _Children taken into care: why are the figures rising?_. [online] Available at: